1. Geotextile for seepage prevention, commonly known as composite geomembrane, base surface design for laying the membrane: To prevent the soil layer laid on the composite geomembrane from sliding along its surface and to increase the stability of the protective layer, the upstream membrane-covered dam shell surface should be excavated into terraces, with a height difference of 0.3 m for each level and horizontal width determined according to the slope ratio. The slope is designed as 1:1.0. After excavation shaping, remove bricks, stones, and any tree roots from the surface, and compact and level the surface with a tamping board.
2. Protective layer design: The seepage prevention effectiveness of the composite geomembrane depends on the integrity of the plastic membrane during construction and operation. To prevent trampling by humans and animals, damage by flora and fauna, and to reduce exposure to solar heat, since these membranes are high molecular polymer fabrics, direct sunlight should be especially avoided. Therefore, a protective layer should be laid on the composite geomembrane. The particle size of the protective layer cannot be too large, otherwise it may pierce the composite geomembrane. Generally, the particle size of the protective layer should be approximately estimated according to the following formula.
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